Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

1. Introduction

Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (JIKSHT) recognizes that artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI tools and large language models (LLMs), can support various aspects of scholarly research and academic writing. These technologies may assist authors in language editing, literature organization, data analysis, and other research-related activities when used appropriately.

However, the use of AI also raises important concerns regarding research integrity, accuracy, confidentiality, authorship, plagiarism, and the responsible interpretation of scientific evidence. JIKSHT therefore establishes this policy to ensure that AI technologies are used transparently, ethically, and responsibly throughout the research and publication process.

This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, and other individuals involved in the submission, evaluation, and publication of manuscripts in JIKSHT.

2. Use of AI by Authors

Authors may use AI tools to support manuscript preparation and research activities, provided that their use does not compromise the originality, accuracy, integrity, or ethical validity of the work.

Permitted uses may include:

  • Improving grammar, spelling, readability, and academic language.

  • Assisting with the organization of ideas, outlines, and manuscript structure.

  • Supporting preliminary literature exploration and summarization, provided that all sources are independently verified.

  • Assisting with coding, data processing, statistical programming, or other technical tasks, subject to appropriate validation.

  • Supporting the preparation of tables, figures, and other research materials, provided that the outputs accurately represent the underlying evidence.

Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts, regardless of whether AI tools have been used.

AI-generated content must not be accepted uncritically. Authors must verify factual claims, references, calculations, interpretations, and any clinical or scientific recommendations produced or assisted by AI tools.

3. Prohibited and Unacceptable Uses of AI

The use of AI must not undermine research integrity or violate publication ethics. The following practices are prohibited:

  • Fabricating or falsifying research data, results, references, citations, or research findings.

  • Presenting AI-generated text, images, analyses, or other materials as verified scientific evidence without appropriate scrutiny.

  • Using AI to generate or manipulate research results in a manner that misrepresents the actual study.

  • Submitting AI-generated references that do not exist or inaccurately represent the cited sources.

  • Using AI to conceal plagiarism, duplicate publication, or other forms of research misconduct.

  • Uploading confidential manuscripts, identifiable patient information, sensitive research data, or confidential peer-review materials to AI systems without appropriate authorization and adequate data protection.

  • Using AI-generated clinical recommendations without appropriate evaluation against reliable scientific evidence and applicable clinical standards.

  • Using AI to fabricate peer-review reports, research ethics approvals, informed consent, or other required research documentation.

Any suspected misuse of AI will be assessed under the journal's applicable publication ethics and research misconduct policies.

4. AI and Authorship

AI tools, including generative AI systems and large language models, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors in JIKSHT.

Authorship requires human accountability, intellectual contribution, and the ability to take responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of published work. AI tools cannot independently fulfill these responsibilities.

Authors must ensure that all listed authors meet appropriate authorship criteria and have approved the final manuscript. Human authors remain accountable for all content generated or modified with AI assistance.

5. Disclosure of AI Use

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI tools when such tools have made a substantive contribution to the development of the manuscript or its research content, including the generation of text, interpretation of evidence, preparation of figures, or other intellectual or analytical tasks.

Routine spelling, grammar, and basic language editing generally do not require disclosure unless the journal requests otherwise.

Where disclosure is required, authors should provide the following information:

  • The name of the AI tool or system used.

  • The purpose and scope of its use.

  • The sections or aspects of the manuscript affected.

  • The extent to which the AI-generated output was reviewed, verified, or modified by the authors.

The disclosure should be included in an appropriate section of the manuscript, such as an AI Use Disclosure or Acknowledgments section, according to the journal's submission instructions.

Suggested statement when AI has been used:

"The authors used [name of AI tool] for [specific purpose]. The AI-assisted output was reviewed, verified, and edited by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the final manuscript."

Suggested statement when no generative AI has been used:

"The authors declare that no generative artificial intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript."

Authors must not make a false or misleading declaration about their use of AI.

6. AI in Nursing and Healthcare Research

Because JIKSHT publishes research related to nursing and healthcare, the use of AI requires particular attention to patient safety, clinical accuracy, confidentiality, and research ethics.

Authors using AI in clinical research, nursing interventions, healthcare decision support, patient education, diagnostic assistance, or related applications must clearly describe the role of AI in the study when relevant to the research methodology or findings.

Authors should provide sufficient information about the AI system, its intended use, relevant technical characteristics, data sources, validation procedures, and limitations to enable appropriate scientific evaluation and reproducibility.

AI-assisted clinical or research outputs must be evaluated using suitable methods and reliable evidence. Authors must not present AI-generated clinical recommendations as established medical or nursing guidance without appropriate scientific validation.

Research involving patients, health records, or other human participants must comply with applicable ethical approval requirements, informed consent procedures, privacy safeguards, and institutional regulations.

7. AI and Peer Review

Reviewers must protect the confidentiality of all manuscripts and associated materials received during peer review.

Reviewers must not upload unpublished manuscripts, confidential research data, author identities, or peer-review correspondence to external AI systems unless the journal has explicitly authorized the use and the relevant confidentiality, security, and data protection requirements are satisfied.

Reviewers must not delegate the substantive evaluation of a manuscript to AI tools in a manner that replaces their own expert judgment or compromises confidentiality.

Any permitted AI assistance must be critically evaluated by the reviewer. Reviewers remain responsible for the accuracy, fairness, relevance, and integrity of their review reports and recommendations.

Reviewers must disclose relevant AI use to the editorial team when required by the journal's review procedures.

8. AI and Editorial Decision-Making

Editors may use appropriate technological tools to support administrative or editorial tasks, provided that such use complies with confidentiality, privacy, and publication ethics requirements.

AI tools must not replace the independent editorial judgment required to assess scientific quality, research ethics, originality, or publication suitability.

Editors must not upload confidential manuscript materials to external AI systems without appropriate authorization and adequate safeguards. Editorial decisions must be made by qualified human editors on the basis of the manuscript's scientific merit, relevance, methodological rigor, and compliance with journal policies.

9. AI Detection and Research Integrity

JIKSHT recognizes that AI-detection tools may produce inaccurate results, including false positives and false negatives. Therefore, AI-detection scores alone will not be treated as conclusive evidence of misconduct.

If concerns arise regarding undisclosed or inappropriate AI use, the editorial team may request clarification, supporting documentation, research records, source verification, or other relevant information from the authors.

Any investigation will be conducted fairly and proportionately, taking into account the available evidence, the nature of the alleged violation, and the journal's research misconduct procedures.

Appropriate editorial action may be taken when evidence establishes that AI has been used to fabricate data, misrepresent findings, violate confidentiality, or otherwise breach the journal's publication ethics requirements.

10. Accountability and Policy Review

All authors, reviewers, and editors are responsible for complying with this policy. The use of AI does not transfer responsibility for scholarly work from human contributors to an AI system.

JIKSHT may revise this policy as AI technologies, research practices, ethical standards, and relevant regulations evolve. The journal encourages responsible innovation while maintaining the principles of transparency, accuracy, confidentiality, human accountability, and scientific integrity.

This policy should be read together with the journal's policies on publication ethics, plagiarism, research misconduct, conflicts of interest, corrections and retractions, and post-publication discussion.